Evaluation of Attribution Algorithms to Resolve CIN3-Related HPV Genotype Prevalence in Mixed Genotype Biopsy Specimens Using Laser Capture Microdissection as a Reference Standard (2023)

Achieving the global eradication of cervical cancer as a public health problem requires close monitoring of public health progress and clinical activities and outcomes across the three pillars of vaccination, screening and treatment. Ideally, monitoring should take place within an integrated system that is regularly planned, funded and evaluated to ensure it provides timely, accurate and actionable feedback. In this paper, we conceptualize the main goals of public health surveillance as process and outcome measures in each of the three pillars. Process actions include coverage/participation actions for vaccination, screening and treatment, and ongoing assessment of the quality and coverage of these programs and activities. Outcomes related to the natural course of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection included the prevalence of HPV infection, cervical precursor lesions, and cervical cancer (including diagnosis stage, cancer incidence, and mortality). These outcome measures can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the three main activities in the short, medium and long term and to assess whether these interventions are effective in reducing their occurrence. We discuss possible methods to monitor these actions in the context of country capacity, drawing on examples from Australia, the US and low- and middle-income countries.

Human Papillomavirus, 2020, pp. 165-178

Genital warts (GW) are a common sexually transmitted disease in young people, usually caused by HPV 6 or HPV 11. GW is a major public health problem worldwide. However, some countries are now recording a significant decrease in the incidence of WM in certain age groups following the introduction of prophylactic vaccines containing virus-like particles (VLPs) HPV 6 and 11. Laryngeal papillomatosis is a rare disease that affects both young children and young adults, usually caused by HPV 6 or HPV 11. In children, the disease is transmitted by vertical transmission from the mother during childbirth, while in adults, the disease is usually transmitted through the orogenital sexual route. Activity. Multiple lesions in the larynx are more common, but occasionally extend to the lower respiratory tract. Recurrence of lesions after treatment is very common in young children, and this also occurs, albeit less frequently, in adults. Following the introduction of the HPV 6 and 11 VLP vaccines, there was evidence of a reduction in the incidence of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis in both Australia and Canada.

Vaccine, Volume 38, Number 40, 2020, pp. 6224-6235

The impact of genetic variability on human immune responses has important implications for understanding disease mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is administered worldwide to protect against tuberculosis, shows wide variability in its protective efficacy against mycobacteria and its undesirable (heterologous) beneficial effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the major driver of genetic variation and are strongly associated with tuberculosis susceptibility and outcomes following BCG cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses the contribution of SNPs to the variability of off-target and mycobacterial-specific BCG responses and its implications for the development of novel tuberculosis vaccines and strategies to exploit the off-target beneficial effects of BCG.

Papillomavirus Research, Volume 9, 2020, Article 100195

Journal of Clinical Densitometry, Band 24, Nummer 2, 2021, S. 259-267

Understanding bone fragility in young adult women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is of great clinical importance as the high risk of fracture in this population remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate bone health in young adult women with DM1 by comparing relevant variables determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in the tibia, and finite element analysis on pQCT (pQCT-FEA) between subjects with DM1 (n=21) and age, height and weight matched controls (n=63). Tibial trabecular density (7.1% lower; 228.8 ± 33.6 vs. 246.4 ± 31.8 mg/cm).³,Page=0.02) and cortical thickness (less by 7.3%; 3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 4.1 ± 0.5 cm),Page=0.03) by pQCT were significantly lower in subjects with DM1 than in controls. Tibial shear stiffness was also lower at both 4% sites in DM1 subjects than controls (by 17.1%; 337.4 ± 75.5 vs. 407.1 ± 75.4 kN/mm) as measured by pQCT- FEA).Page< 0.01) and 66% of area (in 7.9%; 1113.0 ± 158.6 vs. 1208.8 ± 161.8 kN/mm,Page=0.03). These differences remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding factors. No differences were observed between groups in the variables assessed by DXA (all).Page≥ 0.08), although there was a trend towards aBMD in the lower lumbar spine in subjects with DM1 than in controls after adjusting for confounders (Page=0.053). These new findings from pQCT and pQCT-FEA indicate a clinically significant influence of T1DM on bone strength in young adult women with T1DM. Peripheral QCT and pQCT-FEA can provide more information on bone fragility in this population than DXA alone. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are needed to understand the course and causes of bone fragility in young women with DM1.

Human Papillomavirus, 2020, pp. 349-361

In this chapter, we provide specific details about the three regions of the world we come from to highlight the differences in HPV vaccination approaches, administration, challenges, and outcomes in high-income countries where it was first introduced in the time it started. In addition, we describe a global perspective within the framework of the given space. This chapter examines a rapidly changing field, especially since WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros on taking action to eradicate cervical cancer as a public health problem. We have the tools for it.

Gastroenterology, Volume 160, Number 3, 2021, S. 922-924